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Moreover, impaired carbohydrate metabolism can affect immune responses, contributing to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbating lung injury

Research has found that GHK-Cu upregulates basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, both of which support new blood-vessel formation and improved blood flow in damaged tissue

After 8 hours, there was no difference in nicotinamide or ADPR levels across the groups, although there was a difference in NAD+ levels (10)

Therefore, in this study, the gene encoding Sm TG was overexpressed in the GCI strain