According to PubMed, recent comprehensive reviews document effects on cardiovascular protection (reduced major adverse cardiovascular events), neuroprotection (reduced neuroinflammation, potential effects on Alzheimer's pathology), renal protection (reduced albuminuria and renal decline), hepatic improvement (reduced steatosis and fibrosis markers), adipose tissue remodeling (enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, beige adipocyte programming, reduced visceral fat inflammation), modulation of gut microbiota composition, and even preliminary signals in obstructive sleep apnoea, substance use disorders, and tumour biology (Lu et al., 2024, DOI
Two authors independently extracted data (EB, WW, AC, HY, CS, AH) and a consensus was reached in case of any inconsistency with involvement of a third author (CO)
In 2014, Novos Saxenda (liraglutide) became the first GLP-1 agonist approved for obesity
This includes hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone